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Berlusconi on wiretapping
" If I leave out my phone calls Italy "

Prime Minister:" It is a democratic country where people fear to be intercepted "Then said the stages of reform:" First, federalism, and justice. "" The presidential system is not on the agenda. "Finocchiaro," It 'ill with bulimia media "

Knight to prepare the ground for a meeting with the PD and draws up the timetable. "Federalism
then justice. It is not a democratic country where everyone is afraid of being intercepted

reforms, Berlusconi
Democrats Dialogue only divorce from Di Pietro "

Finocchiaro (Pd):" The prime minister ill bulimia media "

reforms, Berlusconi
Democrats Dialogue only divorce from Di Pietro"

Silvio Berlusconi and Umberto Bossi

ROME - "The dialogue on the reforms will only be possible with the divorce of Pd by Di Pietro." Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi, while saying he was "pessimistic" to prepare the ground for dialogue with the opposition on reforms, starting from justice, in the coming months will be presented in Parliament.

"Di Pietro - is the explanation of the premier - is irretrievable, is the fact justicialism person. He says his whole story." The divorce between Veltroni and IDV, he added, "is necessary, but the PD has to choose which identity to be, now is uncertain, do not even know where to join the European family."

for reforms, moreover, the president of the Council had drawn up a timetable. Overturning the priorities set out just two days ago, Berlusconi told Sky that is "first and then the federal justice." "A follow - he added - we will do the other important reforms." Partially reversed by the President of the Council also on the presidential goal, he explained, "It is not on the agenda" but will be put on the table "if the second part of the Legislature, but always with the help of all ".

"A specific part of the Constitution - Berlusconi insisted - can change but you must have the consent of all political forces. I never said that we want to change the Constitution alone. We'll do it alone if you will be forced to unreasonable behavior of the other party. "

But the consensus on proposed reforms to the premier's for sure. Speaking of interceptions, after threatening to" change the country if released one of my phone call, "the premier said: "It's never really a democratic country where everyone has the fear of being intercepted." The justice reform and on measures relating to wiretapping, "a Left that does not start from a premise antagonistic towards me, would agree. Since these things have turned against the Democratic Party, "said Berlusconi.

Knight explained that in his speeches "I've got standing ovation safe" when it addresses issues of wiretapping and the separation of careers. On these issues "is common sense," and take note of "all the allegations that have ended in nothing, and I know something," and that "judges are a caste and no longer has any doubts about this."

So "that the system should be improved and what shared", although "I always had faith and the judges have always been convinced that there is a court in Berlin, so I've always been acquitted at the end. "Faced with the situation described," I do not understand why the left is against it. When I was young the left was guaranteed, and looked with sympathy on that side just because he was the guarantor in politics. "Only a sympathy, because" I never voted on the left: I voted Liberal Party, Christian Democratic and Socialist Party because I was a friend of Craxi " .

"Bulimia Berlusconi's media is matched only by his fear of telling the truth to Italians - says the chairman of the Senate of the Democratic Party, Anna Finocchiaro. "More announcements on the reform and justice. On the crisis, just Cgil confirms today that the Italian workers and that wages have stagnated in 2008, the usual call for optimism. "" Always the same script - continues the leader of the Democratic Party - perhaps in a moment of difficulty that the country would be the case to show greater restraint and do not talk. The reforms are made through written texts discussed in Parliament. Pull them out and see. And the crisis, the country's real priority should be dealt with in another way, not through appeals to optimism. "

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Past and future of solar

giorgio fog


As I write this (early October 2008) the price of oil on international markets
is about 450 € per tonne;
the first of July 2008, three months ago, it was 690 euro per tonne. E '
the oil crisis finally over?
calm can return to a world with gasoline and diesel fuel at low prices for most
glory of the manufacturers of SUVs and powerful cars?
in a world in which electricity flows in low-priced homes, computers
in metal smelters?

may well be that it is, but it would be a grave mistake
translate this hope into a decline
the use of renewable energy sources, yet grew up in a market addict
public incentives insured by the great fear of the high oil price and
which would disappear if we return to a situation
energy "normal." Other times faster
hasty enthusiasm "solar" as soon as they are dissolved.

Solar power has always been the daughter of scarcity. What you may think
as the first act of this story begins in
second half of the nineteenth century industrial society depended
coal, used in quantities large enough to cause concern
depletion of its reserves and was identified as a blatant
source of air pollution. Of a possible future shortage
of coal had spoken the English economist Stanley Jevons (1835-1882)
in "The Coal Question", published in 1865 and 1888 (a third would
edition appeared in 1906). Then many began to
watch the sun as an energy source and as a substitute for coal
, both in the perspective of development of economic activities
colonies in Africa. In 1863 the Italian physicist Antonio Pacinotti
(1841-1912) had published his first observations
photovoltaic and thermoelectric effect, which suggested the application for the production of electricity from the sun
French Mouchot August (1825 -
1912) in the 60 and 70 century built machines with which
by mirrors, producing steam that powered an engine;
this invention received a great deal of attention around the world in 1866
the car was shown to Napoleon III, who gave an award to the inventor
; version improved
was presented at the Universal Exposition in Paris in 1878.

On another level, not engineering, Lev Tostsoi (1828-1910)
in 1873, in a "reasoning" posted in the "Four books to read,"
one of the great works of folk pedagogy of the Russian writer, wrote
"The sun is warm," and explained that the heat of the Sun are
wood and coal, grass and food,
wind and water mills that move --- or, as we would say, biomass,
thermal energy, wind, water. Even the writer of fiction
Lasswitz Kurt (1848-1910) wrote a novel, "Auf zwei Planeten
" in 1897 which talked about the use of solar energy.

In 1872-74 the Chilean engineer Carlos Wilson had built a large Chilean
in the Plateau distiller capable of providing drinking water for many decades
the workers of the mines of saltpeter
(if it is mentioned in a previous article). In 1884 the American
John Ericsson (1803-1889) had built a solar motor that had attracted much attention in
around the world. In the same years
German physicist Friedrich Kohlrausch (1840-1910) had indicated, in
book "Die Energie der Arbeit" 1900,
electricity obtained by concentrating the sun's heat on heat engines, as the source of energy that would
liberated "man" from the toil of work. The
1800 closes with the Great Exhibition in Paris in 1900 where
Rudolph Diesel (1858-1913) presented his
internal combustion engine fueled with peanut oil (if they have spoken
some time ago in this newspaper) .

The first decade of the twentieth century is also full of enzymes and
inventions. Italian professor James Ciamician (1857-1922) in
two famous conferences in 1903 and again in 1912, thought a
day, with solar energy "industries would be put in place a
perfect cycle, to produce machines that work with the force of light
the day, which costs nothing and does not pay taxes! "

In 1909 the British physicist JJ Thomson (1856-1940)
initial report of the Congress of the British Association at Winnipeg,
speaks of the sun from which one day mankind will be able to draw the energy needed
its activities. "When will this day our centers of industrial activity will probably
transported
hot deserts of the Sahara." German August Bebel (1840-1913)
in the 50th edition of his book "Woman and Socialism," 1909, speaks at length about
a socialist world in which solar energy will replace the human effort and cites
Kohlrausch and Thomson.

In the same years are multiplying
solar inventions and machines, made by Clarence Kemp, Aubrey Eneas, Charles Tellier, Henry E.
Wills, Frank Shuman (1862-1918) and many others. In 1903
Charles Henry Pope (1841-1918) published a book entitled: "Solar
heat. Its Practical Applications." The first fifteen years of the twentieth century saw
working scientists and inventors in all countries, a multinational
of renewable energy: solar, wind, hydroelectric
, daughter also of the force of falling water kept in motion by the Sun
Much of this was swept away by World War I
.

The second act of the story sun came between the wars in
period of "autarky" in the plural, because the same solutions have been adopted in various
autarky, the fascist (
in Italy, Germany, in France occupied by the Nazis), but also those
Soviet Union, the United States, England. The autarky
share some characters, including, of course, the
use of renewable energy sources (solar, wind, biomass).

Ethyl alcohol produced by fermentation from carbohydrates derived from plant biomass
"solar" has been used as fuel for combustion engines and
, before the advent of the petrochemical,
as raw material for the synthesis of butadiene necessary for the
synthetic rubber, a butadiene from biomass, then. I "gasogene"
applied to various machines and vehicles, had a stove in which
was heated wood (biomass, solar too) that
decomposed into hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas mixture which were then initiated
engine . In the years 1920-1945

solar houses were built in the United States
, solar distillers by the Italians in Libya and the Americans
for the armed forces, wind engines in all countries, in Italy the company
Vivarelli Grosseto issued wind engines,
to lift water from wells in the areas of land reform in Tuscany;
would later be used in Puglia
after World War II. They are, for example, made the first engines
wind on a large scale, vertical, such as the Savonius type and derivatives,
around 1920, and the type blades, such as Putnam
thirty years, Vermont, United States . Solar and wind machines
engines were built after the Revolution, the Soviet Union in the framework of modernization
agriculture.
was built in 1931 in Yalta a wind generator of 100 kW, with
rotor 30 meters in diameter and production of 280,000 kWh per year electric
.

Also in the thirties the French Claude George (1870-1960) in Cuba has
built the first plant that produces electricity with
motors driven by the temperature difference between layers
surface of the oceans, heated by the sun and the cold
deep at a constant temperature, multiplied
inventions for the use of force wave, son of the wind and then the Sun


For the second time everything was swept away by World War II
.

Third Act: the end of World War II was a world devastated
hungry of the need for reconstruction and energy. In the years from 1950 to 1965
it was not clear if the promise of nuclear energy
were maintained, the countries emerging from colonial status
demanded new levels of energy, the sun seemed
great solution for poor countries. This has had the invention of
semiconductor photocells in 1952, were built
solar stills, solar homes, solar cars. Remember that
hot water and cold water in large water bodies are layered
without mixing and stratification that can power
thermal machines: cold water below the tropical oceans (machine
Claude in Cuba), hot water below the lake Bear
in Transylvania (solar ponds). A great
United Nations Conference on the "new" renewable energy was held in Rome in 1961, but was
followed by a wave of cheap oil and a new
decline of the "solar passion" thousands of documents ended up in archives
forgotten or destroyed.

Act IV: the end of 1973 began a rapid rise in the price of oil
, in the past few months from three to more than eleven dollars (of
then) a barrel, then rediscovered in many that we could leave
from slavery
use of fossil fuels to solar energy and renewable energy. Rivers of public money and funds
rained on research - the famous
Projects aimed "CNR --- and still other companies to reinvent
machines and solar devices,
return to order in the markets' energy, nuclear power and the illusions on
all the solar ended once again in the archives.

The fifth act is that which is recited by the early twenty-first century
, and once more increases in oil prices, "
Hubbert curve" and the danger of depletion of hydrocarbon reserves,
greenhouse effect, have given new breath innovative sources, panels
major projects for bioethanol and biodiesel, to large installations
concentration gigantizzazione of things already seen and done and
aside, and also the desire of public money. I would not want the new
market turmoil and the new dreams of nuclear energy
do end up forgetting everything, to shelve new
renewable sources, I believe, are the only possible way to
the energy of the future
in industrialized countries and in poorer ones, different solutions are designed and adapted
case by case basis.

Essential to this end have the courage to look ahead and
history. The survival experiences, successes and even failures of
, should be the responsibility of a state that had at heart
publicum bonum, but judging from poverty archives
solar energy there is little to be happy. To my knowledge the only archive
existing solar park, but for everyone,
and is located at the Luigi Micheletti Foundation in Brescia
www.musil.bs.it inventoried and placed in the new home of
Library, archive and museum of technology in Rodengo Saiano
near Brescia, with many hundreds of feet of documents, books,
photographs, drawings of the past calendar year. For those who want to start or restart
with renewables, there there is everything.

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As it turned demonstrations have calmed and the decree is without many problems and no smear of the NEAC caghera .... Always the
solta story: "this time we do not stop at nothing" fake revolutionaries sti ...

After the government-trade union agreement the minister speaks of a small course correction
but in fact the single teacher schools and parents will decide

Gelmini: "No Reverse"
But the documents contradict the

of Intravaia EXCEPT

Demonstration against the reform Gelimini

Twenty-four hours after the unexpected reverse of the government remain some doubt about the school. Teachers and school leaders are asking, but the master's single or not? According to the Ministry of Education, Mariastella Gelmini, yesterday afternoon was only a small course correction on the plan and "no reverse gear".

"It 's confirmed," said the day after the head of the department of Viale Trastevere, which adds: "One teacher will be the reference point for education of the child and the model is abolished in most of the 90 teachers." For Gelmini, then, for the "form" of three teachers in two classes is time to go in the attic. "Anyone who says that at this time is changed by simply saying something is a lie - presses - and so instrumental in seeking to challenge the government line that has never changed and that does not change."

But how are things? To help you determine just read the cards. The version of the plan-Gelmini passed by the committees of the House and Senate (Act number 36) in this regard says that "in primary school is the privileged class activities entrusted to a single teacher and working for a time of 24 hours per week." For the government, "the organizational and educational model, in fact, is more functional raising the learning objectives, (...) promotes the unity of teaching especially in the first classes, it represents a strengthening of the educational relationship between teacher and student, simplifies and enhances the relationship between school and family. "

But, asked to express an opinion, the Culture Committee of the House has conditioned approval of the Plan stating that (point) "in relation to primary school is expected that the activation of classes assigned to one teacher, working for a time of 24 hours per week, either on the basis of specific requests of families are secured and specialist teaching of religion and English. " And (E) "is established school time not only in terms of educational needs of reorganization, but in particular because household demand and therefore are guaranteed different joints of school at 24, 27, 30 and 40 hours, keeping the dominant figure of the teacher "in accordance with Decree Moratti.

And the text of the Agreement between the government and unions signed yesterday seems to lean towards this path. "In particular, the time to 24 (only first class for the school year 2009/2010) and 27 hours, will take into account the specific request of the families," specifies the point b the minutes. There seems to be no doubt. will be families and schools as part of their autonomy, and not the ministry through the lever of staff, to determine how many teachers come into class. Now to wait until the choices of families. How many parents will be willing to accompany the children at 8 and take them back to 12.30?

"We welcome the active role rather than to families and parents in school thanks to a choice between different models of time and, hence, different training models," says the movement of parents (Moige) through its manager . "This new element allows a margin important decision for parents - continues Iadaresta Bruno - who will then decide together with the school authorities the best method of education for their children."

other news, running back or not, cover the first round in the afternoon classes (kindergarten, primary and middle schools) will continue to be guaranteed. The nursery and primary school 40 hours, which will continue to work with two teachers per class. The middle school, instead of 29 hours of required time, he will be 30. Freezing "in connection with the activation of plans to upgrade school building" of increasing the maximum number of pupils per class. It will also be "protected the ratio of one teacher for every two pupils with disabilities" and the reform of the school will start from 2010/2011.

The government has also pledged "to establish a permanent comparison to search for possible solutions to protect permanent staff currently with annual appointment or until the end of the educational activities to encourage continuity of teaching and working" and " to provide, if the budgetary resources permit, the extension of tax relief on additional payment "for the school staff.

The reform of the second cycle (high schools, technical institutes and vocational training), initially scheduled for early September 2009, will start from 2010/2011. Information for families and boys on the new course will start from January 1, 2009. Since 2009

leave regulations concerning the size of the school network, one for the entire first round and the Regulation on the use of school resources (staff). The cuts, in short, are confirmed but with the changes made today may not reach 132 000 units in three years under the plan.
( December 12, 2008 )

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News News on the lifting of the Wall of CáceresII

The City Council has made the most modern and complex pathological study of the wall

was part of a program of the Ministry of Culture
November 21, 2008

Sellers Victor Javier Santiago and showing the plans of the company

Gavle; Documentation Heritage Graphics.

Councilman Innovation and e-Government, Victor Santiago, announced today the actions made by the City of Caceres for conservation and recovery of the monumental wall of the enclosure which has been " the most modern, complex, broad, deep and useful study ever conducted of the wall Caceres. "

Victor Santiago said first tool to serve the knowledge of the wall and then for wider dissemination and for planning further actions for conservation, and enhancement.

The works, which have had a budget of 100,000 euros, was launched in 2007, through a program of conservation, protection and dissemination of World Heritage properties convened by the Ministry of Culture. Were awarded to the architect Caceres, Miguel Matas, recognized national expert on fortifications Almohad and a multidisciplinary team, which in total have joined the 28 people, has participated in every aspect of work.

began first by collecting historical documentary, photographic and cartographic. The following work carried out photometry with scanning-laser precision. The calibrated photographic survey (digital) allows photorealistic textured three-dimensional model of the entire wall studied, the model can also be studied also by appropriate software.

The Technological Institute of Ornamental Rocks and Building Materials of the Junta de Extremadura has petrological and mineralogical characterization of the materials after their structural characterization and water, then the physical-mechanical, and finally the microscopic indicators of disturbance and condition of the materials.
subsequently conducted a study of ultrasound for the outstanding UEX experts (Departments of Physics and Polytechnic School building.

has tried to get information on the nature, age, chronologies and conservation of mud walls, which helps the pathological situation, but above all, to dating and constructive interpretation of the sectors.

addition, research has also repaired in the analysis of plant species on the wall that degrade, their identification and management proposals, made by experts Caceres.

archaeological analysis, was conducted by experts from CSIC, coordinated by Luis Caballero Zoreda. the same stem estatrigráfico approach, a compilation and analysis of previously published documents, a compilation and analysis of documentary material filed with the municipality. As a result, it has carried out an analysis and identification of elements of the wall pre-Almohad Almohad elements, reforms Castilian (XIV to XVI centuries first and seventeenth and eighteenth centuries later), as well as new adaptations of modern times and contemporary restorations (in the twentieth century).

Link: http://www.ayto-caceres.es/ayuntamiento/noticias/el-ayuntamiento-ha-realizado-el-mas-mode City Cáceres.

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News on the lifting of the wall of her vita

since 2007
Cáceres city council takes a comprehensive pathologic study of the wall of
Cáceres Cáceres, 11/21/2008. 15.14 h.

Councilman Innovation and e-Government, Victor Santiago, said the actions made by the city of Cáceres for the conservation and recovery of the monumental wall of the enclosure which has resulted in the most modern, complete, comprehensive , deep and useful study ever conducted of the wall Caceres, he said.

addition, Santiago has said that will be the first tool for understanding the wall and then for wider dissemination and for planning further actions for the conservation and enhancement.

Councilman Innovation and e-Government, Victor Santiago. Photo: Cristina Lord

The works, which have enjoyed a 100,000 euro budget will be launched in 2007, through a program of conservation, protection and dissemination of World Heritage properties convened by the Ministry of Culture.

Miguel Matas, awarded by contest, and a multidisciplinary team, which has added 28 people total have participated in every aspect of work, informed Santiago.

The study aims to undertake a comprehensive historical documentary, photographic and cartographic. The lifting calibrated digital photography allows photorealistic three-dimensional model of the entire wall texturing studied "model that also can be studied also by appropriate software, Santiago explained. (Made by the company GAVLE; Documentation Heritage Graphic)

addition, according to James, we tried to get information the nature, age and maintenance of mud walls, which helps the pathological situation, but above all, the dating and interpretation constructive sectors.

Moreover, Victor Santiago said that there can be no horizon for future interventions without a plan drawn up previously director of the Wall, a figure of urban planning that already proposed in the Special Plan of Caceres in 1989 and not yet there, said Santiago.

In conclusion Santiago has said that if I had to put a priority, the most urgent would be the bulwark of the drain wells, repairing damp in Torremocha, Postigo towers Yerba Santa Ana and in that order.

News: http://www.extremadura24horas.com/

quality

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Vatican & Homosexuality

After a long pause for reflection, I could not curb his fingers on the keyboard, after the incredible news that I heard this evening at 5 TG. Incredulous at what I heard, I also confirmed browsing the web. In practice
have told us that, with John Paul II, the church, in some ways was starting a new era, trying to renovate and modernize in order get more concrete in the new millennium, this new pope, if he could, gladly return seventeenth-century Inquisition.
We come to the point: France, with a demonstration of extraordinary civilization (among other things, I believe, applies a center-right government ...), has proposed a global decriminalization of "crime" of homosexuality. What could the Vatican spokesman at the European Parliament if compelled to express its opposition to this wonderful initiative?
Even the thought that in some countries, homosexuality can be considered an offense is really shameful, if we think then that a minority of these, the offense will be punished even with Death, it becomes even absurd! We are in 2008!
Well, if nothing else, were opposed to the death penalty (!)
But where are finite tolerance and charity, as our loved ones so dear to Christians-Catholics?
What then is the reason I am opposed to an initiative as intelligent and civilized? ... Because if the world homosexuality was no longer a crime here that those countries which do not allow marriage between same-sex partners (see ITALY), may receive considerable pressure to a legislative amendment to that effect are afraid that could be put to shame even the world!
I think I heard few other times in my life of ca ... like, that sucks. At this rate
propose to burn witches in the streets!
do not really know what else to add statements so disconcerting, I do not diversify so much about Islamic fundamentalism from that that we all want so much to disappear from the face of the earth, the only problem for them is that our culture now, fortunately, was not sufficiently advanced to make a fool of himself by certain attempts at purse.
Imagine what would happen if it becomes law, the dictates of the Vatican ..... we women wearing burkas and men sentenced to death for sodomy!
Better to be gay Catholic , one does not decide to be gay, it's just, Catholics should just decide to be .... nowadays, I would say: "What courage!"


PS I'm not omosessule, are happily living with a girl for 5 years, but I find nothing strange in being gay.
A bit more strange, I find all those people who still follows those who promote initiatives so barbaric and uncivilized, not respectful of the intelligence and, above all, freedom of others.

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Mission: Impossible! How to evaluate teachers Giuseppe Lipari

The recent reform Gelmini "has placed, at least for the moment, the university system at the center of media attention. Commenters profession by the columns of the major newspapers have long launched the attack of the university system, with a view to reform and introduce merit in the management mechanisms.

Criticizing is very easy to criticize an institution and decrepit, inefficient, and in many theater-documented cases of malpractice and wrongdoing on the part of so-called "barons", is particularly easy. But when it comes time to to put on the table concrete proposals for reform, and the chaos lord it seem amateurish. While everyone agrees on the need for an abstract concept of meritocracy, then move on to the measures to be implemented in practice is another matter.

One proposal that is on the table for some time now firmly in the desires of the ministry, is to link the salary of each teacher its "productivity". They talk about it, for instance, Checchi and Jappelli colleagues on Lavoce.info :

should be defined once and for all the legal status of teachers, and details about course loads and periodic checks of scientific productivity, which affect the economic progression , now only based on seniority. They talk about

distinguished teachers and talk about it students (see the episode on the University of Annozero a few days ago.) Above all, this proposal can be found in Guidelines government for the university:

D.1 review the mechanism of automatic salary, which does not necessarily reward the quality of research and commitment in teaching, gradually replacing with regular assessments of the activity;

D.2 develop shared parameters of scientific qualification for access to the different roles of the teaching, even with the use where possible, internationally recognized indicators of scientific quality (impact factor, citation index): The CUN is already at work in this direction; "

All agree, then: the automatic seniority will soon be replaced by centralized periodic checks, the result of which bind the progression of salary (Incidentally, please note that these assessments would be in addition to periodic evaluations of university and departments: the first while you check the salaries of teachers, with the second one controls the amount of funds for each university).

We're sure it's a good idea? Roberto Perotti thinks not:

[...] many pursue in more or less explicit, direct differentiation of wages from the center, on the basis of strictly defined parameters. But a central differentiation may not work: it is impossible to determine in advance what is a researcher in every situation and circumstance. Even the single objective minimum criterion, the bibliometric, can be a useful aid, but it would be unwise and dangerous to use mechanically as the only determinant of wages.

Roberto Perotti, University rigged, Ostriches Einaudi, 2008, p. 112

Perotti Maybe too far. Taken from his fury liberal, wants to liberalize the last stronghold Financo State University, or the centralization of salaries? After all if so many influential figures tell us that the solution is right, and is in the guidelines of the government ...

As I was taught not to trust too much about what I say, I'll try to do here, however, a small exercise in style. Suppose that the minister Gelmini call me tomorrow as a consultant to the ministry

"Joseph, find me a way to implement the guideline D1!" (D2 of the CUN is dealing with it already).

"Ok, minister, but it is a difficult and dangerous, I will draw criticism from all!"

"In return I will cover you with gold."

"So, I accept." For the good of the country, of course.

OBJECTIVE OF THE MISSION

In lines guide, in fact, it says little. Then do the objectives and specifications I write them alone, will probably be easier to reach!

What is this reform? To increase the productivity of Italian teachers, putting a mechanism directly rewarding salary. So this will be the main yardstick of our simple rules: in the end we check whether the productivity will be increased.

How much money are we talking about? Follow this way. I would say that if the goal is to gradually replace the mechanism of seniority with a mechanism based on the evaluation (as they state guidelines), more or less we are talking about the same order of magnitude rather than give it to you automatically with the passage of time, you may submit to an evaluation.

It just goes to go up or down? If we replace the old age "as it is," agree only small steps to climb. But I do not think a great idea. In fact, if the salary increase was in proportion as it is now shooting for seniority, age play a factor, however: would reward those who do research for some time, while the young researcher after the first evaluation would still pay with a restricted even if it were a new Einstein.

Perhaps more to boost the quality would be better to tie a substantial part of the evaluation and salary will also be expected to fall next time. For example, every 3 years I rate you, if valid, give you a nice little 'extra salary for the next 3 years (for example 30% -40% more) if you are worth, nothing. After 3 years, but we start again from scratch. And of course you can have mixed systems. In addition, agrees that the salary increase is proportional to the result. You could assign each teacher a score of 1 to 10, to be used to calculate the amount of the increase.

course, the system must be "fair", that is as fair as possible. I have to avoid actually reverse the scale of values \u200b\u200bbetween two researchers, in order to avoid injustices, grievances, feuds. We're going to get their hands into the pockets of Italian teachers, after all (for some reason, this sentence seems to have already heard). I'm not saying that it should be perfect, but in short, almost.

After five minutes I call the minister: "I forgot to tell you, whatever you decide to do, must be at no cost to the country: every euro spent in the assessment will be taken by the Ordinary Financing Fund (FFO).

For some reason I expected. AN ASSESSMENT OF TEACHER

A teacher is evaluated based on three core activities:

1) Quality and quantity teaching.
2) Research.
3) organizational activities.

last point, for convenience, we will put all those activities not directly falling within paragraphs 1 and 2, such as coordination of research projects, fund raising , editing of journals, peer review , conferences, participation in decision-making bodies of the University (faculty meetings, etc.)..

All three aspects are important, of course. With regard to education, some say (eg Perotti, ibid) that working in a university system does not affect the institutions assess regularly teaching, because the students themselves to assess the market. I do not know how true this is, but the issue is much debated and I will leave aside for the moment.

Point 3 is the most controversial. From personal experience we get to bitter infighting between departments rather than scientific and technical (engineering in particular) on the one hand, funds that are attracting a large amount of public and private institutions, and humanities departments still chronically short of funds other . Enter the item amount of research funds collected in the evaluation of every single teacher could lead to significant distortions, as well as to asprissime controversy. Then I will avoid taking for now consider this item.

then concentrate on research.

Research Evaluation

"There are now internationally accepted methods to measure the scientific productivity of a researcher."

This sentence is firmly on the lips of all the advocates of meritocracy (ie almost everyone). It would therefore seem a trivial task: we use these indicators blessed. Unfortunately, few of those who pronounce it they have never laid eyes on one.

Basically, we measure the number of articles published by a researcher in journals or conference proceedings, and the number of times each of these items has been cited in articles by other researchers. The sheer number of articles is a purely quantitative measure, which says nothing about the quality and the number of citations shows instead (or should indicate) indirectly "rating" that has received the item in the international scientific community. From these two measures, bibliometric indicators are constructed more or less complicated. Here are some here.

The limits of these indices are significant and well known. First, the database on which to make measurements is not unique. In science there ISI . Another is Scopus . In economics have EconLit . Unfortunately none of these good covers Information Science and Engineering. There are systems "free" as Google Scholar or Citeseer . But neither covers all human knowledge. And in all there are any errors, omissions, shady areas. If two databases cover the same field, the probability that it gives the same measure on the same research is practically nil.

In addition, scientific fields / disciplines have different rules are different: in some fields are usually publish articles with many authors, in others the number of authors is usually very high. There are fields for which they value above all the magazines (see Economics, as well as science), while in other fields have certain conferences sometimes more than a prestigious journals (see Computer Science & Engineering). In short, untangle complicated. You might think a different system for each sector. I already imagine the specification, hundreds or even thousands of pages of regulations! (Just to write it will take years of work ...)

also focusing on a specific field, there are technical difficulties, not indifferent. Suppose, for example, to evaluate a teacher every three years for the last 3 years of publications. If we started to evaluate my publications in February 2009, taking into account the period 2005-2008, almost certainly the most articles have a citation next practically zero. I know, I'm a poor researcher. But maybe also depends on the fact that if I published an article in 2008, the chance that someone will have read, I have mentioned in an article that was later accepted by a peer-review process at another journal and has been published and put into the database, it is practically nothing. Usually spend at least 5-6 months after writing an article to its publication (and in some cases well over a year). Worse, the process of reviewing have time varies depending on the field! In physics are usually fast; Engineering are usually very slow (even 2 years).

therefore need to evaluate research older. But so is reduced by the effect of "reward." Be awarded today to an article of 5-10 years before it can give pleasure, but perhaps does not work so well as a mechanism rewarding. More than anything else a bonus for his career.

also count the number of citations can be misleading. In some rare cases it happens that an article receives a huge number of citations because it contains an error that everyone mentions how to fix. It is certainly an article to be awarded. In many cases, an article receives citations "negative" by researchers who complain bitterly of the method. It 's very common in the case of articles summarize the state of the art in a field: are-quoted by everyone, but do not contain any original contribution.

In addition, some indices may be somewhat artificially manipulate. For example, between two groups by agreeing to be mentioned all the items to each other. It is common practice then (and incorrectly) in many departments that the "head" sign, however, the articles of all his subordinates, even if he has never even read. He he gets the honors (and increases in salary) like its subject, not even doing research for decades. Or, an important work could be split into multiple articles, each proposing a small increase over the previous year. With a job is out 5-6 articles a minimum.

The exclusive use of automated measuring systems is therefore not recommended. David Parnas lo dice molto francamente in un suo recente articolo ("Stop the numbers game: Counting papers slows the rate of scientific progress.", Communications of the ACM, Volume 50, Number 11 (2007), Pages 19-21, web link ):

Paper-count-based ranking schemes are often defended as "objective." They are also less time-consuming and less expensive than procedures that involve careful reading. Unfortunately, an objective measure of contribution is frequently contribution-independent.

e ancora:

The widespread practice of counting publications without reading and judging them is fundamentally flawed for a number of reasons: It encourages superficial research [...] It encourages repetition [...] It encourages small, insignificant studies [...]

and finally:

Evaluation by counting the number of published papers Corrupts Our scientists; They learn to "play the game by the rules. " [...] Those Who Want to see computer science and progress That Contribute to the society pays for it must object to rating-by-counting schemes Every Time They see one Being Applied.

In practice, if we only use automated systems for measuring, instead of encouraging the pursuit of excellence are likely to encourage poor search, or even dirty tricks to manipulate the numbers. It is certainly not what we want. Two notes before

move on. First, you are not here arguing that bibliometrics is a useless discipline. Quite the contrary: it gives us an enormous and valuable statistical support at the country level, or to compare institutions of other countries. Even in the evaluation of the curriculum of a teacher's reference lists give an initial framework, a rough estimate. This assessment must always be complemented by a careful reading of publications by experts in the field, just to avoid making blunders and to screen the wheat from the chaff. Incorrect use of the reference lists would adversely affect the long assessment.

Second note: it seems that the Ministry are aware Parnas's thought, as they have instructed the CUN to study ways of integrating bibliometric indices in the regulations for the competitions!

With indexes we went wrong. It remains the only peer-reviewed . That is the assessment by peers. For each teacher we make a commission of three experts who assess the scientific output. I can already feel, "a commission for every teacher? Composed of teachers? End that will evaluate all the others! The Italian teachers will assess each other all by themselves! What will be the most likely outcome? Self-promote all! ". I admit that the risk is very real. We may enter foreign experts ... but those do not come to the evaluators in Italy in exchange for a simple "thank you". We must pay them. And who assures us that these foreigners are good evaluators? Say that you need to call the best? It starts to become too expensive.

And then the assessment is not uniform and objective: there are good evaluators tend to give more good grades and carcass evaluators that also discard Shannon (really happened!). Fairness should be to hell. Might as well throw of the dice.

So how is it done? Perhaps he was right Perotti?

EPILOGUE

"Dear Minister. The only thing that can work is that each teacher is assessed by his own university. If the University receives funds mainly based on scientific assessment of research, and if every university has freedom to determine the level of remuneration of its teachers, the best teachers will of course where there is more chance of seeing recognition of their professionalism, course and receive a higher salary. The University will decide whether to evaluate the capabilities of most fund-raising, or the ability to create a group, or the scientific output. The system regulates itself. "

" Dear Joseph, you reason well, do not say no, but if I propose this thing eat me alive. "

" I understand. And then let the matter drop. At the bottom are the guidelines, no? There is no obligation to turn them into law. The country is in recession, in a little 'forget it all. Rather, if I were you, push forward the evaluation of universities. On that thing there, see, you can do it. "

" You're right, you probably let the matter drop. A big thank you for the excellent work done for the country and goodbye! "

" Um, excuse me, minister, there would be one thing hold gold ... "

" Oh yeah, I forgot. Let's do this, call Julie at, say I sent you. "

Mmm, I know that bad throws. It will be for next time. HOT NEWS

seems that the ministry will work hard (from Corriere.it ):

the anti-"BARONI" - Among the changes introduced in the Senate committee, the anti-barons is provided for the establishment of a register (updated annually) in the Ministry with the names of teachers and researchers, and publications. To obtain the biannual salary teachers should try to have done research and publications can be obtained. If there's no trace two years shooting salary brackets was halved and teachers can not be part of committees that take new staff. Professors and researchers who do not publish for three years are also excluded from PRIN, those of national importance in the search.

Who knows ... I think David Parnas

Pains In My Legs When Driving

Cáceres

Silence is a good place to find the best answers. Only when they stop making noise your thoughts, you can hear the voice of your inner shaman. Meditation is not thinking that we should not think, meditate is to feel the silence of eternal body. When

forgive the mistakes of others, will enable you to learn from others' experiences. When you observe without self-deception or illusion, you will understand your inner shaman has always had all the answers. As you progress, the external and internal they join. The answer to many questions is written clear in the silence.

When going through the shamanic journey, will not change those around you or your problems disappear, change your perception of them and what affect will not affect you, and all will become in opportunities to grow and flourish. When you've changed, but do the same job, everything will be different.


No, do not resist, surrender to life, who accepts what is and is enabled to do what you can, then embody the utopian and the impossible is made available.

Life is a song at the BEAUTY, a call for transparency, when you discover this from the experience, the wind will be your friend, the tree will become a teacher and the sunrise ritual, night-colored dress, the stars speak the language heart and spirit of the earth again quiet rest.

No matter what people say about you ... what others expect of you can become a prison,

Everything appears spontaneously when you're ready.




Chamalu

Hot Red Face After Eating Lunch

THE CENTURY XIX - Licio Gelli should not be overestimated ... Licio Gelli

Licio Gelli should not be overestimated,

then Berlusconi is not the his heir

Gelli revealed to us that Berlusconi is his heir and is implementing the program of the loggia Propaganda 2. We already knew that, it is obvious that the current government is doing what Gelli predicted many years ago. The Masonic lodge P2 is classified as I do not believe that its roots are Jewish Egyptian, as they are those of the authentic lodges, but never mind. This country can not live in a democracy for long. Inevitably, sooner or later, is what makes things right, the so-called savior of his country. In reality offers little place, the rest is propaganda, but for these people is good. Need to be made budget cuts because there is no money? However, once a municipality is to be saved, a bank, an airline for some reason the euro springing up like mushrooms. The school as it is a luxury which is wasting public money? Then it must be reformed as soon as possible. An old Latin phrase used to say: the people want to be deceived? Inganniamolo then. There is nothing new under the sun, the historical cycles are repeated, in substance, but in the revised edition in the image.

Roberto Ariotti

I think in every country in the world there is always the possibility that in times of crisis we face on the man that wants to be "the one who put things right" . Just to explain, whatever the opinion that you give the current government, a law so restrictive of individual freedoms as the "Patriot Act" enacted by the Bush administration, did not even imagine. Then we have just seen how a country accepts a law that restricts freedoms know within a couple of years, think again and turn 180 degrees. Specifically, Prime Minister Berlusconi was so subversive writing to lodge P2 (as subversive by judicial decisions and resolutions of the special committee) has been so convicted of forgery for having refused to register, but to say that the heir of Licio Gelli, well, in my humble opinion, an overvaluation Gelli that does not deserve. One and all, and many are with them, agents are not the result of a political and social situation deteriorated well before their appearance on the scene of the country. In short, even to be fierce opponents of Prime Minister, you should be clear that the problem is not the aforesaid, but the underlying causes of its birth and ascent.

Source - THE XIX CENTURY , November 13, 2008

Rebuilding A Sunfish Sailboat

The most beautiful! Creationists declare war

Ocular Migraine Last For A Day

: "I on TV? It gets worse "

on Odeon TV from Monday to 22.30

The "Master of the P2 Masonic Lodge will conduct a secret its program. Guests? Andreotti and Dell'Utri

MILAN - "I on TV? It gets worse. " Licio Gelli, all best remembered for being the "Worshipful Master" of the secret Masonic lodge P2 answers about his appearance on TV. Rather than an apparition is a real run. And how could you call his program but "Ven Italy"?. Subtitle: "The True Story of Licio Gelli. So the "Master" will have a program of his own on Monday, at 22.30, up Odeon TV (Watch Video) .

THE PROGRAM - This will be the 'narrator', along with Lucia Lioness, a "reconstruction of the unpublished history of the last century," the English Civil War in the 80s, from the salons of Rome to the shores of Lake Como, from the collapse of Banco Ambrosiano fascist. " The program, presented Friday in Florence, will also see the participation of political figures and historians like Giulio Andreotti, Marcello Veneziani and Marcello Dell'Utri. The first episode will talk about fascism that has been obvious for a black shirt and has also joined the Republic of Salò.

ANSELMI - Gelli is a river in the conference: "When I searched the whole world I was in Italy. Once in Florence, when I've met in the elevator at the Hotel Baglioni Tina Anselmi, president of the Parliamentary Commission of Inquiry which had given the search order, spending a lot of taxpayers' money. I greeted her and went, deciding to make them a joke. "

THE JUDICIARY - The only "hard power" now operating in Italy is still a constitutional power, the Judiciary: "If there is a strong power, constitutional, and the judiciary - he explained - because when it is not wrong expected damages. The judiciary does not work: the prosecutor should come from a different contest than the court, and should hate each other. "

Red Brigades - if they returned over the years as the Red Brigades in Italy would lead to a fertile soil. When asked who were the perpetrators of the massacres in the country, Gell replied: "The massacres are the result of a gang war, there have been and there will always be because there is no order: in fact, came after the 60 . If tomorrow would return the Br - added the former Reverend, ending - there are even more havoc: The soil is very fertile because Br could find many supporters because of poverty that exists in the country. "

WITHOUT BERLUSCONI'S OVER FI - "The parties are no longer true, there is more right or left. On the left there are 15 fringes and the right does not exist. If Berlusconi were to die, which did not wish him death because you do not wish it on anyone, Forza Italy could not go forward because he has a party structure. " About the executive added: "I do not agree with the Berlusconi government has a majority because if one must use it, without addressing the minority. I'm not interested in the minority, who should not take to the streets, absenteeism should not do, and there should not be offended. " "There are measures that are not taken - he continued - because they are unpopular, and instead should be taken: we must sink the knife or you can not heal the patient. The immunity to large should be excluded, because the government should go without blemish and people who do not ever get smudged. "

THE DEMOCRATIC PLAN FOR REBIRTH - To implement the Plan of Democratic Rebirth of P2, today, "the only one who can go ahead and Berlusconi. Fini had great confidence in - he said - because he had a great teacher, Giorgio Almirante: are no longer the same opinion, because he has changed. The only one I can go ahead and Berlusconi, not because it was entered in P2, but because she has the temper of the great man who knew how to do. "

ABOUT GELLI - You been "Worshipful Master" of the secret Masonic lodge P2. Someone suggests that Gelli was very close to the CIA. He was accused of having played a role in 'Gladio', a close friend of Perón Argentine leader after the discovery of P2, fled to Switzerland where he was arrested while trying to withdraw tens of thousands of dollars in Geneva, but managed to escape from prison . Then fled to South America, first to appear in 1987. Licio Gelli was finally judged for the following crimes: obtaining of information containing state secrets, defamation against the Milan magistrates Colombo, Turone and Viola, by the Supreme Court for the screening of the attempts to investigate the massacre at Bologna train station and bankruptcy (for the failure of Banco Ambrosiano: 12 years).

Nino Luca
October 31, 2008 - The New York Times

Can You Move Out Of Sims And Not Lose Your

Meditating with extraordinary clarity observed an area slightly translucent pink with orange polka dots and sustained by a white bar. The figure was grabbed by my hands and was a scene of great beauty.

As the air moves in and out of my lungs, abdominal and voluntary exile me from the daily chores, time is meaningless, the explanations seem to me absurd, fears and doubts exist, and everything happens as a third person to my mind absorbed or dissolved in the multidimensional space.

When you hear about the problems clearly see the person, their fears and their justifications, and try not to disappoint and try to feel safe by convincing others that it is, as the child within the rage and competition as his side look to compare, as fears the future, as you drag the past ...

When you hear the silence, you hear yourself, the inner conversation that does not stop, unless you tend not ... physically she will try to be noticed by denying the intellectual level and if you remain still, breathing steadily, with good posture, the ego will go to you with all your excuses, fears and doubts ... that it is the best to meet you.

If you try to stay active in the world, working on what you want your doubts assail competition that has become for centuries, the business ... "Mingle with them? Or remain perennial? Yo, I plan to never lie, be honest to the pain and do not sell if it's not counting the more absolute truths, just facts ... and wait. Do not want money or other property. Care what I have. Play at being a kid looking for solutions in science. Keep the past to know better and know better.

My work has begun and who knows how to end ... meanwhile ... patiently observe the curves of life ...

Green Green Episode 13 English Dub Uncensored

over the brain

Creationists declare war over the brain
22 October 2008
From New Scientist Print Edition. Subscribe and get 4 free issues.
Amanda Gefter Amanda Gefter is an editor with the Opinion section of New Scientist


"YOU cannot overestimate," thundered psychiatrist Jeffrey Schwartz , "how threatened the scientific establishment is by the fact that it now looks like the materialist paradigm is genuinely breaking down. You're gonna hear a lot in the next calendar year about... how Darwin's explanation of how human intelligence arose is the only scientific way of doing it... I'm asking us as a world community to go out there and tell the scientific establishment, enough is enough! Materialism needs to start fading away and non-materialist causation needs to be understood as part of natural reality."
His enthusiasm was met with much applause from the audience gathered at the UN's east Manhattan conference hall on 11 September for an international symposium called Beyond the Mind-Body Problem: New Paradigms in the Science of Consciousness . Earlier Mario Beauregard , a researcher in neuroscience at the University of Montreal, Canada, and co-author of The Spiritual Brain: A neuroscientist's case for the existence of the soul, told the audience that the "battle" between "maverick" scientists like himself and those who "believe the mind is what the brain does" is a "cultural war".
Schwartz and Beauregard are part of a growing "non-material neuroscience" movement. They are attempting to resurrect Cartesian dualism - the idea that brain and mind are two fundamentally different kinds of things, material and immaterial - in the hope that it will make room in science both for supernatural forces and for a soul. The two have signed the "Scientific dissent from Darwinism" petition , spearheaded by the Seattle-based Discovery Institute , headquarters of the intelligent design movement. ID argues that biological life is too complex to have arisen through evolution.
In August, the Discovery Institute ran its 2008 Insider's Briefing on Intelligent Design , at which Schwartz and Michael Egnor , a neurosurgeon at Stony Brook University in New York, were invited to speak. When two of the five main speakers at an ID meeting are neuroscientists, something is up. Could the next battleground in the ID movement's war on science be the brain?
Well, the movement certainly seems to hope that the study of consciousness will turn out to be "Darwinism's grave" , as Denyse O'Leary, co-author with Beauregard of The Spiritual Brain, put it. According to proponents of ID, the "hard problem" of consciousness - how our subjective experiences arise from the objective world of neurons - is the Achilles heel not just of Darwinism but of scientific materialism. This fits with the Discovery Institute's mission as outlined in its "wedge document" , which seeks "nothing less than the overthrow of materialism and its cultural legacies", to replace the scientific world view with a Christian one.
Now the institute is funding research into "non-material neuroscience". One recipient of its cash is Angus Menuge , a philosophy professor at Concordia University, Wisconsin, a Christian college, who testified in favour of teaching ID in state-funded high-schools at the 2005 "evolution hearings" in Kansas. Using a Discovery Institute grant, Menuge wrote Agents Under Fire, in which he argued that human cognitive capacities "require some non-natural explanation".
In June, James Porter Moreland, a professor at the Talbot School of Theology near Los Angeles and a Discovery Institute fellow, fanned the flames with Consciousness and the Existence of God. "I've been doing a lot of thinking about consciousness," he writes, "and how it might contribute to evidence for the existence of God in light of metaphysical naturalism's failure to provide a helpful explanation." Non-materialist neuroscience provided him with this helpful explanation: since God "is" consciousness, "the theist has no need to explain how consciousness can come from materials bereft of it. Consciousness is there from the beginning."
To properly support dualism, however, non-materialist neuroscientists must show the mind is something other than just a material brain. To do so, they look to some of their favourite experiments, such as research by Schwartz in the 1990s on people suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder. Schwartz used scanning technology to look at the neural patterns thought to be responsible for OCD. Then he had patients use "mindful attention" to actively change their thought processes, and this showed up in the brain scans: patients could alter their patterns of neural firing at will.
From such experiments, Schwartz and others argue that since the mind can change the brain, the mind must be something other than the brain, something non-material. In fact, these experiments are entirely consistent with mainstream neurology - the material brain is changing the material brain.
But William Dembski, one of ID's founding fathers and a senior fellow at the Discovery Institute, praised Schwartz's work as providing "theoretical support for the irreducibility of mind to brain". Dembski's website shows that he is currently co-editing The End of Materialism with Schwartz and Beauregard.
Meanwhile, Schwartz has been working with Henry Stapp, a physicist at the US Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, who also spoke at the symposium. They have been developing non-standard interpretations of quantum mechanics to explain how the "non-material mind" affects the physical brain.
Clearly, while there is a genuine attempt to appropriate neuroscience, it will not influence US laws or education in the way that anti-evolution campaigns can because neuroscience is not taught as part of the core curriculum in state-funded schools. But as Andy Clark, professor of logic and metaphysics at the University of Edinburgh, UK, emphasises: "This is real and dangerous and coming our way."
He and others worry because scientists have yet to crack the great mystery of how consciousness could emerge from firing neurons. "Progress in science is slow on many fronts," says John Searle, a philosopher at the University of California, Berkeley. "We don't yet have a cure for cancer, but that doesn't mean cancer has spiritual causes."
And for Patricia Churchland, a philosopher of neuroscience at the University of California, San Diego, "it is an argument from ignorance. The fact something isn't currently explained doesn't mean it will never be explained or that we need to completely change not only our neuroscience but our physics."
The attack on materialism proposes to do just that, but it all turns on definitions. "At one time it looked like all physical causation was push/pull Newtonianism," says Owen Flanagan, professor of philosophy and neurobiology at Duke University, North Carolina. "Now we have a new understanding of physics. What counts as material has changed. Some respectable philosophers think that we might have to posit sentience as a fundamental force of nature or use quantum gravity to understand consciousness. These stretch beyond the bounds of what we today call 'material', and we haven't discovered everything about nature yet. But what we do discover will be natural, not supernatural."
And as Clark observes: "This is an especially nasty mind-virus because it piggybacks on some otherwise reasonable thoughts and worries. Proponents make such potentially reasonable points as 'Oh look, we can change our brains just by changing our minds,' but then leap to the claim that mind must be distinct and not materially based. That doesn't follow at all. There's nothing odd about minds changing brains if mental states are brain states: that's just brains changing brains."
“This nasty mind-virus piggybacks on reasonable worries”
That is the voice of mainstream academia. Public perception, however, is a different story. If people can be swayed by ID, despite the vast amount of solid evidence for evolution, how hard will it be when the science appears fuzzier?
What can scientists do? They have been criticised for not doing enough to teach the public about evolution. Maybe now they need a big pre-emptive push to engage people with the science of the brain - and help the public appreciate that the brain is no place to invoke the " God of the gaps ".
Evolution - Learn more about the struggle to survive in our comprehensive special report .
The Human Brain - With one hundred billion nerve cells, the complexity is mind-boggling. Learn more in our cutting edge special report .
Amanda Gefter is an editor with the Opinion section of New Scientist
From issue 2679 of New Scientist magazine, 22 October 2008, page 46-47

http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20026793.000 -creationists-declare-war-over-the-brain.html

Is Downtown Miami Safe

Aqueduct de los Milagros, Mérida. Bust of Octavian Augustus

Harley Davidson Birthday Printables

I

Gpsphone Pokemon Emerald Cheats Master Ball

Reflections on power in Italy


Marco Travaglio
(Journalist)


by Unit of October 2, 2008


There is no day that we ask ourselves: com 'is that we have reduced it?

Because what is normal in other democracies in Italy is exceptional, and vice versa?

To answer, simply retrace the history of power in Italy without hypocrisy or autoconsolatorie indulgences.

without telling the usual tales with a happy ending.

Because the history of power in Italy does not have a happy ending. Not even a happy beginning.

Roberto Scarpinato, a magistrate in Sicily, Palermo antimafia historical memory (and therefore degraded by just a simple replacement prosecutor from reckless Mastella reform), he wanted from the Prince of Machiavelli to tell Italians to Italians in a valuable book-length interview Saverio Lodato: The Return of the Prince (Chiarelettere, pp. 347, € 15.60).

Lodato's put the right questions, Scarpinato gave the right answers.

is not yet another story of the Mafia. It is a story that explains the power of the mafia. But the decline of Italian, hand in hand with the escalation of corruption, bad politics, the malaeconomia, the eternal piduismo and massacres, the players need our family album.

A rare book that given the history of Italy as a glove and reveals the "B side" : what Scarpinato called "the obscenity of power" in the etymological sense of 'offstage' : "What of the killers is often the scene of the outside world where so many are put whitewashed tombs scene in ".

Mafia even as military "service order" white-collar "shotgun proletarian and bourgeois brain" : left without bridles when it is useful to power, but released and pruned to the sound of rounding up too when the crest or no longer needed.

The book surprises and jaw-dropping.

In another country would raise controversies and debates raging, but was quickly wrapped in a blanket of embarrassed silence. Perhaps because

down one by one all the platitudes, beyond the makeup of edifying fiction, those who lined up on one side and the other heroes of the state, at a safe distance, the monsters dell'Antistato.

Behold, The Anti here is part of the state.

Here we talk about the "death state" , its progressive "mafiosizzazione" that makes it almost obsolete, outdated, unnecessary violence of the Mafia of days gone by.

Today - Scarpinato says - we are in full 'post-mafia ".

The "open competition" is no longer that of certain members of power against the mafias: "is that of the mafias in shady deals in sectors of the ruling classes' .

of reversals illuminating as this, the book is full. There is talk of

"security" and calling "more prison" ?

But "the real deterrent to crime is not the prison: it is the shame , which in Italy has been extinct for a long time, indeed it is used to discredit honest people. It invokes the

"primacy of politics" ?

But at the liberal democratic state of law is the primacy of the law, which must bow even politics.

It is said that the Italians have the politicians they deserve?

No, it's political class that has the Italians who deserves, having shaped in his own image and likeness of the military control of media and culture, which has 'reset the collective memory ". The most devastating

pages are those dedicated to the Italian intellectuals, almost always 'organic' power, born and raised as "Consigliori Prince ', serve dispensers of imposture, superstition, revisionism, denial and conformity, always ready to betray the mission of critical consciousness and intent to justify abuses of power.

"Today 9 out of 10 Italians believe that Andreotti was acquitted and that the mafia is just Provenzano" .

"At the beginning of the process Andreotti - reveals Scarpinato - Rai was allowed to return to full hearings, but after having received two, with very large audience, the program was canceled" .

from the depredations of the Banca Romana Notarbartolo, killings of trade unionists from Sicilian massacre of Portella della Ginestra, the intrigue of the case-Julian Pisciotta to the massacres of the 60 and 70, to the political crimes of the 80s (the terrible Mattarella Greek tragedy and the Church), the processes Andreotti, Dell'Utri and Cuffaro, the bombs policies of '92-'93, while the state was dealing with the Mafia at the expense of citizens in mourning pax mafia in the long run that lasts till today, Praise and Scarpinato take us step by step into the back-shop of the last century and a half story home in a "Bluebeard's room" strewn with skeletons and ghosts, secrets and blackmail: marked by what the prosecutor called "the unresolved relationship between leaders and violence" in a country where "crime makes history" .

is not by chance - argues Scarpinato - if the Risorgimento, the Resistance, the Constituent Assembly and two years of magic and Tangentopoli Mafiopoli are now so unpopular in brackets are the only happy when small liberal elites allowed Italy to stand up beyond their average height, the levels of real democracies, except regularly and quickly slip back at the mercy of the eternal dominant indigenous subcultures, all authoritarian and illiberal: Counter-Catholicism, 'amoral familism' , 'worst Machiavellian' interest turned around particulare and "eternal Italian Fascism ' probed by incoherent as rare intellectual Flaiano, Sciascia, Pasolini and Montanelli.

why the Constitution should be so close to our politicians, who for twenty years to rewrite all the fans of: the Constituent Assembly, by a providential "alchemy of history" , dominated cultures Liberals always a minority.

An aside exceptional miracle that gave birth to a Charter infinitely more mature dell'Italietta backward peasant of the time, a "refined engineering of the budget division of powers' light years away from the dominant culture, return to power soon after.

short, trod on a tuxedo on a pig.

As soon as the Constitution began to be implemented fully, in accordance with the principles of revolutionary solidarity, equality and legality, the Prince felt the ground shake beneath his feet, and taken the upper hand quickly, "emptying from ".

The same thing happened after the 1992-'93, when the law was really the same for everyone and so the Prince could not bear it, quickly bringing to light the eternal Don Rodrigo, Don and Abbondio Azzeccagarbugli. The three national patron saints.

bitter in this regard, the pages on the normalization of the Palermo prosecutor, Piero Grasso when Casey took over.

Some glimmer of hope remains open. Illusory and never comforting. Empowering.

Scarpinato takes the leading role in the rare civil Italians who reject the status of subjects: the roundabouts a few years ago, the recent demonstrations in defense of De Magistris in Calabria, the youth revolt of Palermo Addiopizzo and that part of Confindustria in Sicily against the racket.

It shows a way: seek and demand the truth. Quote

the soothsayer Tiresias on the ruins of Thebes, and corrupt misrule: "The truth is offensive to the origin of the catastrophe .

Tiresias was blind but could see everything. The Thebans had an excellent view, but did not see anything.